See bole in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Livestock",
"orig": "enm:Livestock",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bull"
},
{
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{
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{
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"id": "bull"
},
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"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bula,*bulla"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "boli"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse boli",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of Old English bula, *bulla, and Old Norse boli, both from Proto-Germanic *bulô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "boles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bule",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bul",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bolle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boule",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bool",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boole",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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},
"expansion": "bole",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "bolen"
},
"expansion": "bole (plural boles or bolen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bulimong"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bullok"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 21 28 29 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 9 5 15 2 2",
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"orig": "enm:Male animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bull, steer, male cow"
],
"id": "en-bole-enm-noun-V9EXPi0w",
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[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"steer",
"steer"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"name": "Heraldry",
"orig": "enm:Heraldry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 28 29 4 4",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 28 24 34 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A heraldic bull"
],
"id": "en-bole-enm-noun-XIdqnUqG",
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) A heraldic bull"
],
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"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Astrology",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 28 29 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries referencing missing etymons",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 28 24 34 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Taurus (zodiac)"
],
"id": "en-bole-enm-noun-y2l2BVQx",
"links": [
[
"astrology",
"astrology"
],
[
"Taurus",
"Taurus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astrology) Taurus (zodiac)"
],
"topics": [
"astrology",
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "13 21 28 29 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 28 24 34 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 23 24 32 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 22 27 34 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 30 6 41 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bovines",
"orig": "enm:Bovines",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Taurus (constellation)"
],
"id": "en-bole-enm-noun-f5rWHGJK",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"Taurus",
"Taurus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) Taurus (constellation)"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbul(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈboːl(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔːl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "bole"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Livestock",
"orig": "enm:Livestock",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bole"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "non:bolr",
"id": "trunk"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"bolr\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bole\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"trunk\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"bole\" id=\"Middle_English:_trunk\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "bolr"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old Norse bolr",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Norse bolr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "boles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "boole",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bol",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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"g": "",
"g2": "",
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},
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bole (plural boles)",
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"trunk, bole"
],
"id": "en-bole-enm-noun-0-z-qJjY",
"links": [
[
"trunk",
"trunk"
],
[
"bole",
"bole#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tree"
],
"id": "en-bole-enm-noun-3Jxe24st",
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔːl/"
}
],
"word": "bole"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries referencing missing etymons",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰel- (blow)",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Bovines",
"enm:Livestock",
"enm:Male animals"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bul"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bull"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"3": "ang:bula<id:bull>",
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"5": "non:boli<ety:inh<gem-pro:*bulô<id:bull>>>",
"id": "bull"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"blow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bulô\", \"gloss\" : \"bull\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"bula\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"bull\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"gem-pro\", \"2\" : \":der\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:*bʰel-<id:blow>\", \"id\" : \"bull\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*bulô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"boli\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bole\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"bull\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"bole\" id=\"Middle_English:_bull\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bula,*bulla"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*bulô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bulô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a conflation of Old English bula, *bulla, and Old Norse boli, both from Proto-Germanic *bulô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "boles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bolen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bule",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bul",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bolle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boule",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bool",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "boole",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
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},
"expansion": "bole",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl2": "bolen"
},
"expansion": "bole (plural boles or bolen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bulimong"
},
{
"word": "bullok"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bull, steer, male cow"
],
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[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"steer",
"steer"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Heraldry"
],
"glosses": [
"A heraldic bull"
],
"links": [
[
"heraldry",
"heraldry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(heraldry) A heraldic bull"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"heraldry",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"monarchy",
"nobility",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Astrology"
],
"glosses": [
"Taurus (zodiac)"
],
"links": [
[
"astrology",
"astrology"
],
[
"Taurus",
"Taurus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astrology) Taurus (zodiac)"
],
"topics": [
"astrology",
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"Taurus (constellation)"
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"Taurus",
"Taurus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) Taurus (constellation)"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbul(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈboːl(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔːl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "bole"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries referencing missing etymons",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Bovines",
"enm:Livestock",
"enm:Male animals"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bole"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "non:bolr",
"id": "trunk"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"bolr\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bole\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"trunk\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"bole\" id=\"Middle_English:_trunk\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "bolr"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old Norse bolr",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Norse bolr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "boles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "boole",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "bol",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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},
"expansion": "bole",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bole (plural boles)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"trunk, bole"
],
"links": [
[
"trunk",
"trunk"
],
[
"bole",
"bole#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tree"
],
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔːl/"
}
],
"word": "bole"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bole meaning in Middle English (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (e973cf0 and ae80fde). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.